![]() The article is entitled, "CSF Hypocretin-1 Levels and Clinical Profiles in Narcolepsy and Idiopathic CNS Hypersomnia in Norway. Whether functional alterations of hypocretin transmission that lead to symptoms could occur in the context of normal CSF hypocretin-1 concentrations is unknown this might be. Those who suspect they might be suffering from narcolepsy, or another sleep disorder, are urged to consult with their primary care doctor or a sleep specialist. Low hypocretin-1 concentrations are found in other neurological conditions and suggest a potential role in the assessment of secondary hypersomnias. These episodes vary in frequency from a few incidents to several during a single day. Attacks of drowsiness may persist for only a few seconds or several minutes. It affects the same number of men and women. Summary Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by chronic, excessive attacks of drowsiness during the day, sometimes called excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). ![]() It is very rare for more than two people in the same family to have this sleep disorder. The chance that you have narcolepsy is higher when a relative also has it. Other common symptoms include sleep paralysis, hallucinations and cataplexy.Ībout one out of every 2,000 people is known to have narcolepsy. It also includes features of dreaming that occur while awake. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes people to fall asleep uncontrollably during the day. Similarly, cataplexy has been considered as an isolated manifestation of REM sleep atonia, triggered by emotional stimuli." ![]() "Hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis are usually thought to be isolated components of REM sleep in the waking state. "Although hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis were most frequently reported by patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy than in the other patient groups, there was no correlation to low hypocretin-1 values," said Heier. No significant clinical or biochemical differences were found between these patient groups. 1, 5 In subjects with Na-1, several postmortem studies have consistently demonstrated a severe (> 85) loss of the hypo-cretin-producing neurons across the hypothalamus. Patients with narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnia all had normal hypocretin-1 levels. Among patients with narcolepsy, hypocretin levels are low or undetectable in over 90 of those with cataplexy but in only about 10 to 24 of those lacking cataplexy. Patients with low CSF hypocretin-1 levels reported more extensive muscular involvement during cataplectic attacks than patients with normal levels. Low hypocretin-1 values were found in 72 percent of those patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy. The patients answered a questionnaire that asked about sleep habits, daytime sleepiness, accessory symptoms, duration and treatment. The study, authored by Mona Skard Heier, MD, PhD, of Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo, Norway, focused on 64 previously diagnosed patients: 47 with narcolepsy with cataplexy, seven with narcolepsy without cataplexy and 10 with idiopathic central nervous system (CNS) hypersomnia, a condition characterized by recurrent daytime sleepiness without the abrupt sleep attacks classically seen in narcolepsy.
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